Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026

Research

Virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains from Western Hemisphere and Africa in Mice

Christopher P. Klimko, J. Matthew Meinig, Kevin D. Mlynek, Nathaniel O. Rill, Sergei S. Biryukov, Jennifer L. Dankmeyer, Annette M. Gray, Jennifer Chua, Stephanie A. Halasahoris, Michael L. Davies, Brian A. Smith, Carlos I. Rodriguez-Negron, Christopher T. Braun, Elsie E. Martinez, Jade L. Spencer, David N. Dyer, Ondraya M. Frick, Marjorie E. Torres, Mindy G. Elrod, Jay E. Gee, Christopher A. Gulvik, Zachary P. Weiner, Ju Qiu, Joel A. Bozue, David DeShazer, and Christopher K. CoteComments to Author 
Author affiliation: US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA (C.P. Klimko, J.M. Meinig, K.D. Mlynek, N.O. Rill, S.S. Biryukov, J.L. Dankmeyer, A.M. Gray, J. Chua, S.A. Halasahoris, M.L. Davies, B.A. Smith, C.I. Rodriguez-Negron, C.T. Braun, E.E. Martinez, J.L. Spencer, D.N. Dyer, O.M. Frick, M.E. Torres, J. Qiu, J.A Bozue, D. DeShazer, C.K. Cote); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.G. Elrod, J.E. Gee, C.A. Gulvik, Z.P. Weiner)

Main Article

Figure 6

Pangenome analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei strains from the Western Hemisphere and Africa in mouse models. We used panaroo version 1.5.2 (https://github.com/gtonkinhill/panaroo) for analysis of all 10 isolate genomes. The core genome size is 5,176 genes, and scoary version 1.6.16 (https://github.com/AdmiralenOla/Scoary) revealed 2 hypothetical protein encoding genes unique to the 3 virulent strains from Africa (GHD1A, GHC5E, BpNY2023b): an 84-residue encoding gene and a 262-residue encoding gene. The range, spread, median, and mean came from 100 permutations simulating genome addition and was plotted in R version 4.5.1 (The R Project for Statistical Computing, https://www.r-project.org) with refinements in inkscape v1.0.1 (https://inkscape.org). Purple represents pangenome; green represents core genome. IQR, interquartile range.

Figure 6. Pangenome analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei strains from the Western Hemisphere and Africa in mouse models. We used panaroo version 1.5.2 (https://github.com/gtonkinhill/panaroo) for analysis of all 10 isolate genomes. The core genome size is 5,176 genes, and scoary version 1.6.16 (https://github.com/AdmiralenOla/Scoary) revealed 2 hypothetical protein encoding genes unique to the 3 virulent strains from Africa (GHD1A, GHC5E, BpNY2023b): an 84-residue encoding gene and a 262-residue encoding gene. The range, spread, median, and mean came from 100 permutations simulating genome addition and was plotted in R version 4.5.1 (The R Project for Statistical Computing, https://www.r-project.org) with refinements in inkscape v1.0.1 (https://inkscape.org). Purple represents pangenome; green represents core genome. IQR, interquartile range.

Main Article

Page created: June 09, 2026
Page updated: July 10, 2026
Page reviewed: July 10, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external