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Volume 31, Number 8—August 2025

Research

Rapid Emergence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Intrahost Variants among COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Infections, Singapore

Yvonne C.F. SuComments to Author , Michael A. Zeller, Peter Cronin, Rong Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Jordan Ma, Foong Ying Wong, Giselle G.K. Ng, Áine O’Toole, Andrew Rambaut, Jenny G. Low, and Gavin J.D. Smith
Author affiliation: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (Y.C.F. Su, M.A. Zeller, P. Cronin, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Ma, F.Y. Wong, G.G.K. Ng, J.G. Low, G.J.D. Smith); Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (A. O’Toole, A. Rambaut); Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (J.G. Low)

Main Article

Figure 2

Variant heatmaps from individual patients in study of rapid emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 intrahost variants among COVID-19 patients with prolonged infections, Singapore. A) Patient 1, infected with B6.6 lineage; B) patient 5, infected with B1.1 lineage; C) patient 16, infected with B1.1 lineage. Heatmaps show the frequency distribution of intrahost variants (5%–95%) identified in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from longitudinal samples collected in hospitalized patients during March–May 2020. Maps show corresponding genomic positions, associated genes, and amino acid changes. E, envelope; M, membrane; N, nucleocapsid; ORF, open reading frame; S, spike.

Figure 2. Variant heatmaps from individual patients in study of rapid emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 intrahost variants among COVID-19 patients with prolonged infections, Singapore. A) Patient 1, infected with B6.6 lineage; B) patient 5, infected with B1.1 lineage; C) patient 16, infected with B1.1 lineage. Heatmaps show the frequency distribution of intrahost variants (5%–95%) identified in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from longitudinal samples collected in hospitalized patients during March–May 2020. Maps show corresponding genomic positions, associated genes, and amino acid changes. E, envelope; M, membrane; N, nucleocapsid; ORF, open reading frame; S, spike.

Main Article

Page created: May 31, 2025
Page updated: July 21, 2025
Page reviewed: July 21, 2025
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