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Volume 31, Number 8—August 2025

Research

Rapid Emergence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Intrahost Variants among COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Infections, Singapore

Yvonne C.F. SuComments to Author , Michael A. Zeller, Peter Cronin, Rong Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Jordan Ma, Foong Ying Wong, Giselle G.K. Ng, Áine O’Toole, Andrew Rambaut, Jenny G. Low, and Gavin J.D. Smith
Author affiliation: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (Y.C.F. Su, M.A. Zeller, P. Cronin, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Ma, F.Y. Wong, G.G.K. Ng, J.G. Low, G.J.D. Smith); Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (A. O’Toole, A. Rambaut); Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (J.G. Low)

Main Article

Figure 6

Temporal evolution of iSNVs in study of rapid emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 intrahost variants among COVID-19 patients with prolonged infections, Singapore. The dot plots illustrate iSNVs detected over time and their fluctuations throughout the course of infection in 4 patients: A) patient 6, a 28-year-old man, who had a short infection and hospitalization lasting 7 days; B) patient 2, a 48-year-old man, who had a longer infection and hospitalization of 13 days; C) patient 4, a 65-year-old-man who had a prolonged infection and hospitalization lasting 30 days; and D) patient 3, a 70-year-old man, who had a prolonged infection and hospitalization lasting 40 days. Colored gradient circles represent days of infections, and the shaded vertical bar indicates the spike region. Red arrows indicate nonsynonymous iSNVs that persisted at high frequency. iSNVs, intrahost single-nucleotide variants; syn, synonymous variants; nonsyn, nonsynonymous variants; UTR, untranslated region.

Figure 6. Temporal evolution of iSNVs in study of rapid emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 intrahost variants among COVID-19 patients with prolonged infections, Singapore. The dot plots illustrate iSNVs detected over time and their fluctuations throughout the course of infection in 4 patients: A) patient 6, a 28-year-old man, who had a short infection and hospitalization lasting 7 days; B) patient 2, a 48-year-old man, who had a longer infection and hospitalization of 13 days; C) patient 4, a 65-year-old-man who had a prolonged infection and hospitalization lasting 30 days; and D) patient 3, a 70-year-old man, who had a prolonged infection and hospitalization lasting 40 days. Colored gradient circles represent days of infections, and the shaded vertical bar indicates the spike region. Red arrows indicate nonsynonymous iSNVs that persisted at high frequency. iSNVs, intrahost single-nucleotide variants; syn, synonymous variants; nonsyn, nonsynonymous variants; UTR, untranslated region.

Main Article

Page created: May 31, 2025
Page updated: July 01, 2025
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